Stainless steel crowns
Stainless steel crowns are tooth-shaped metal caps that cover an entire tooth and are frequently used in paediatric dentistry to preserve baby teeth that are significantly decayed or damaged.
Made from stainless steel containing nickel and chrome, these crowns help protect baby teeth, particularly molars that are decayed or improperly formed. The crowns are pre-made in a range of sizes, allowing us to select one that fits over your child’s tooth, covering the entire crown (the part above the gum), and then cement it in place.
As baby teeth will eventually be replaced by permanent teeth, it is crucial they are not lost prematurely, as this can lead to various complications affecting the development of permanent teeth.
This treatment requires 2 visits:
Visit 1: placement of orthodontic separator (rubber) bands between the teeth
Visit 2: (1 week later) band removal and crown fit.
The crowns are a 'push-fit' and are simply seated on the tooth. No local anaesthetic or drilling is usually required.
The stainless steel crowns stay in place until the baby tooth naturally exfoliates.
Pulpotomy
Sometimes referred to as a baby root canal or a partial root canal, a pulpotomy aims to save an infected tooth – the part known as the dental pulp.
It is normally performed on children to try and salvage what is left of a decayed primary or deciduous tooth (typically a molar) – but unlike a regular root canal, a pulpotomy only removes infected pulp from the exposed part of the tooth, not the root. Once the infection has been cleared, a dental crown is usually recommended to restore a baby tooth to full function.
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF)
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a clear liquid made of Silver and Fluoride that is applied to your child's teeth to slow down or prevent dental decay. The silver acts as an antibacterial agent, while the fluoride strengthens tooth enamel, making it more resistant to decay. Although SDF does not restore the tooth to its original form and function, it offers many benefits, including:
- Prevent cavity development
- Eliminating bacteria to prevent the spread of decay
- Serving as a non-invasive alternative to drilling cavities
- Providing a painless treatment option
- Helping to preserve heavily decayed molars until timely extraction can be planned
SDF application is particularly useful in children who are pre-cooperative for dental treatment or too young to receive inhalation sedation (under 5 years).
NB: teeth that have received SDF application will appear dark in colour.
Fluoride varnish
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that plays a crucial role in strengthening the enamel, the outer layer of teeth. It occurs naturally in some water sources, while in other areas, it is added to water supplies to prevent dental decay.
Fluoride is also a key ingredient in toothpaste and various oral health products. Applying Fluoride varnish is a preventative treatment which can help to prevent tooth decay, slow it down or prevent it from getting worse by strengthening and remineralising tooth tissue. .It provides an additional layer of defence against decay and promotes good dental health.
fissure sealants
Dental decay is most likely to occur on your child's molars when they first emerge around age 6.
Molars usually have grooves and deep pits called fissures, which are often hard to clean effectively with a toothbrush. This environment makes the tooth surface more susceptible to decay as food debris can build up and bacteria can thrive under these conditions.
Applying sealants to molars smooths out the surface, eliminating hard-to-reach surfaces where tooth decay can develop and making it less likely to develop cavities.
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Meet The Team
Dr Justin Roberts MBChB FRCA FFICM
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Consultant Anaesthetist
Justin studied medicine at The University of Manchester and graduated
in 2004. He has since trained in anaesthesia and intensive care
throughout the North West, obtaining the Fellowship of the Royal
College of Anaesthetics in 2009 and the Fellowship of Faculty of
Intensive Care Medicine in 2013. HE has a CCT in bo
Consultant Anaesthetist
Justin studied medicine at The University of Manchester and graduated
in 2004. He has since trained in anaesthesia and intensive care
throughout the North West, obtaining the Fellowship of the Royal
College of Anaesthetics in 2009 and the Fellowship of Faculty of
Intensive Care Medicine in 2013. HE has a CCT in both specialities in
2013 and is on the GMC specialist register.
Justin spends half his time caring for the critically unwell on the
Intensive Care Unit and half his time providing sedation and
anaesthesia. Justin’s specialist anaesthetic interests include the
provision of sedation and anaesthesia to those with learning
difficulties and autism. Justin is particularly passionate about this
element of his work and ensuring patients receive the highest quality
and equitable care. Other interests include the provision of
anaesthesia for major elective and emergency surgery, in particular
Colorectal surgery.
In his spare time, Justin spends his time as an army medical
reservist, walking and spending time with his yellow lab, Specter..
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Consultant Anaesthetist
Pawel graduated from Medical University in Lodz, Poland in 1995. He started training in anaesthesia and intensive care streight after a foundation year in 1996 and completed it in 2003 becoming a Specialist in anaesthesia and intensive care.
During his years in Poland Pawel developed a special interest in paediatric
Consultant Anaesthetist
Pawel graduated from Medical University in Lodz, Poland in 1995. He started training in anaesthesia and intensive care streight after a foundation year in 1996 and completed it in 2003 becoming a Specialist in anaesthesia and intensive care.
During his years in Poland Pawel developed a special interest in paediatric anaesthesia and paediatric and neonatal critical care. He moved to the UK in 2005 and started his UK career at The Pennine Hospital Trust as a middle grade anaesthetist at the Royal Oldham Hospital and Rochdale Infirmary. In 2007 Pawel was appointed as a consultant anaesthetist at The Christie NHS Foudation Trust in Manchester, where he has been providing anaesthetic and critical care services for cancer patients requiring complex multidisciplinary surgery and/or various kind of organ support during patients' oncological treatment at The Christie.
Pawel provides conscious sedation for patients undergoing chronic pain treatment procedures and interventional radiology procedures.
He provides single and multi-drug sedation for dentistry and oral surgery procedures for adults.
Dr Gareth Kitchen MBChB, FRCA, PhD
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Dr Patrick Haywood MBBS FRCA MSc (Perioperative Medicine)
Consultant Anaesthetist
Dr Gareth Kitchen is a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the University of Manchester and Honorary Consultant Anaesthetist at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (Manchester Royal Infirmary and Trafford General).
Gareth studied medicine at the University of Manchester graduating in 2007. He completed anaesthetic tr
Consultant Anaesthetist
Dr Gareth Kitchen is a Senior Clinical Lecturer at the University of Manchester and Honorary Consultant Anaesthetist at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (Manchester Royal Infirmary and Trafford General).
Gareth studied medicine at the University of Manchester graduating in 2007. He completed anaesthetic training in the Northwest, gaining the Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (2012).
During his anaesthetic rotation Gareth was awarded a prestigious Clinical Research Training Fellowship (Medical Research Council). He completed a PhD at the University of Manchester, gaining expertise in biological rhythms and sleep. Gareth is currently funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and is placed with industry working at the interface of industry and the NHS investigating the integration of wearable technology and Artificial Intelligence in to everyday medical care. Gareth always seeks to pursue the most up to date evidence and advances in clinical practice.
As a clinician at the MRI, Gareth is experienced at treating complex medical patients with a particular interest in anaesthesia for kidney transplantation, trauma, orthopaedics and sedation.
Gareth is experienced at providing sedation alongside regional anaesthesia for patients with complex medical conditions, covering a wide variety of interventional disciplines including orthopaedic surgery, GI endoscopy, dental, transplant vascular access and eye operations at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital.
Gareth has a special interest in digital sedation and uses Virtual Reality headsets to aid his dental sedation, providing relaxation and digital hypnosis/sedation for people so that pharmacological sedation can be avoided altogether and also provide a positive environment particularly beneficial for needle phobic patients to facilitate cannulation.
Dr Patrick Haywood MBBS FRCA MSc (Perioperative Medicine)
Dr Paweł Arkuszynski MD (lekarz, Poland), FRCA equivalent (Specjalista anaestezjologii I intensywnej terapii – Poland)
Dr Patrick Haywood MBBS FRCA MSc (Perioperative Medicine)
Consultant Anaesthetist
Patrick is a Consultant Anaesthetist who graduated from University College London in 2014 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine and Surgery with honours, as well as a first-class intercalated degree in Clinical Sciences. He undertook foundation medical training in the South Thames Deanery before relocating to the No
Consultant Anaesthetist
Patrick is a Consultant Anaesthetist who graduated from University College London in 2014 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine and Surgery with honours, as well as a first-class intercalated degree in Clinical Sciences. He undertook foundation medical training in the South Thames Deanery before relocating to the Northwest to gain further cardiology and general surgery experience prior to commencing anaesthetic training.
Patrick gained a wealth of anaesthetic experience throughout Manchester and the wider North West through multiple training post. He developed a special interest in Anaesthesia for Neurosurgery, Anaesthesia for Ear Nose and Throat Surgery and Perioperative Medicine. Additionally, through his extensive training at the Royal Preston Hospital, he has gained vast experience in the management of patients with major trauma and those requiring vascular surgery, interventional radiology and major head and neck surgery. Patrick obtained his Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists in 2023 and completed an MSc in Perioperative Medicine (Distinction) in 2021.
Patrick has focused on improving safety in the perioperative period particularly focusing on patients with rare but significant conditions such as pulmonary hypertension. He is currently working with the specialist pulmonary hypertension team to improve care region wide. He is also helping to develop the stroke thrombectomy service at the Royal Preston Hospital.
Patrick provides safe and effective sedation for procedures including spinal surgery, urological surgery, vascular surgery and during interventional radiological procedures. Patrick has consistently been noted to have a calm, professional and warm demeanour during both elective work and complex emergency situations.
In his free time he enjoys spending time with his family (which is mostly chasing after his two young children) and occasionally manages to squeeze in a run, some yoga or Calisthenics training.